There are several factors that can affect the value of a currency, including:

1. Interest rates: Higher interest rates can attract foreign investment and increase the demand for a currency, leading to an appreciation in value. Conversely, lower interest rates may discourage foreign investment and lead to a depreciation in value.
2. Inflation: Higher inflation can lead to a depreciation in the value of a currency, as it reduces the purchasing power of the currency. Conversely, lower inflation can lead to an appreciation in the value of a currency.
3. Political and economic stability: A stable political and economic environment can increase the demand for a currency, leading to an appreciation in value. Conversely, political and economic instability can lead to a depreciation in value.
4. Trade balances: A country with a trade surplus (exports exceed imports) may see an appreciation in the value of its currency, as it generates foreign exchange through exports. Conversely, a country with a trade deficit (imports exceed exports) may see a depreciation in the value of its currency.
5. Speculation: Speculative activity can also affect the value of a currency, as traders buy and sell currencies based on their expectations of future price movements.
6. Central bank policies: Central banks can affect the value of their currency through their monetary policy decisions, such as setting interest rates or intervening in the forex market.
7. Economic indicators: A variety of economic indicators, such as gross domestic product (GDP) and unemployment rates, can also impact the value of a currency.

Overall, the value of a currency is influenced by a complex and dynamic set of factors that can fluctuate significantly in response to changing market conditions.