Leading indicators are economic indicators that tend to change before the economy as a whole begins to follow a particular trend. They are used to predict future economic developments and can provide insight into the direction the economy is headed.

Examples of leading indicators include:

1. Consumer confidence: Consumer confidence measures the level of optimism or pessimism that consumers have about the economy. A high level of consumer confidence can indicate that consumers are confident in their ability to spend, which can lead to increased economic activity.
2. Stock market performance: The stock market can be a leading indicator of economic performance, as it reflects the expectations of investors and analysts about future economic conditions. A rising stock market can indicate that the economy is expected to improve, while a falling stock market can indicate that the economy is expected to weaken.
3. New orders: New orders measure the total number of new orders placed with manufacturers. They can provide insight into the level of demand for goods and services and the strength of the industrial sector.
4. Purchasing managers’ index (PMI): The PMI measures the activity level of purchasing managers in the manufacturing sector. A high PMI can indicate that the manufacturing sector is expanding, while a low PMI can indicate that it is contracting.

Lagging indicators are economic indicators that tend to change after the economy as a whole begins to follow a particular trend. They are used to confirm economic trends and can provide insight into the current state of the economy.

Examples of lagging indicators include:

1. Unemployment rate: The unemployment rate measures the percentage of the working-age population that is actively seeking work but unable to find it. It tends to rise during an economic downturn and fall during an economic expansion.
2. GDP growth: GDP measures the total value of all goods and services produced within a country over a certain period of time. It tends to grow during an economic expansion and contract during an economic downturn.
3. Inflation rate: The inflation rate measures the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising. It tends to rise during an economic expansion and fall during an economic downturn.
4. Average duration of unemployment: The average duration of unemployment measures the amount of time that individuals have been unemployed. It tends to rise during an economic downturn and fall during an economic expansion.
5. Consumer price index (CPI): The CPI measures the change in the price of a basket of goods and services consumed by households. It tends to rise during an economic expansion and fall during an economic downturn.
6. Gross fixed capital formation: Gross fixed capital formation measures the value of new fixed assets, such as buildings and machinery, that are purchased by businesses. It tends to rise during an economic expansion and fall during an economic downturn.

Overall, lagging indicators provide insight into the current state of the economy and can help confirm economic trends.